List of Austrian Jews
Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing anti-semitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, some 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is around 10,000. The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews. Here German speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg Empire are listed.
Athletes
- Margarete "Grete" Adler, swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-meter (m) freestyle relay)[1]
- Richard Bergmann, Austria/Britain table tennis player, 7x world champion, ITTFHoF
- Albert Bogen (Albert Bógathy), fencer (saber), Olympic silver
- Fritzi Burger, figure skater, 2x Olympic silver, 2x World Championship silver
- Siegfried "Fritz" Flesch, fencer (sabre), Olympic bronze
- Hans Haas, weightlifter, Olympic champion (lightweight), silver
- Judith Haspel (born "Judith Deutsch"), Austrian-born Israeli swimmer, held every Austrian women's middle and long distance freestyle record in 1935, refused to represent Austria in 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ruth Langer and Lucie Goldner, protesting Hitler, stating, "I refuse to enter a contest in a land which so shamefully persecutes my people."[2]
- Dr. Otto Herschmann, fencer (saber), 2-Olympic-silver (in fencing/team sabre and 100-m freestyle); arrested by Nazis, and died in Izbica concentration camp
- Nickolaus "Mickey" Hirschl, wrestler, 2x Olympic bronze (heavyweight freestyle and Greco-Roman)
- Felix Kasper, figure skater, Olympic bronze
- Klara Milch, swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
- Paul Neumann, swimmer, Olympic champion (500-m freestyle)
- Fred Oberlander, Austrian, British, and Canadian wrestler; world champion (freestyle heavyweight); Maccabiah champion
- Felix Pipes, tennis player, Olympic silver (doubles)
- Maxim Podoprigora, Olympic swimmer
- Ellen Preis, fencer (foil), 3x world champion (1947, 1949, and 1950), Olympic champion, 17x Austrian champion
- Otto Scheff (born "Otto Sochaczewsky"), swimmer , Olympic champion (400-m freestyle) and 2x bronze (400-m freestyle, 1,500-m freestyle)
- Josephine Sticker, swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
- Otto Wahle, Austria/US swimmer, 2x Olympic silver (1,000-m freestyle, 200-m obstacle race) and bronze (400-m freestyle); International Swimming Hall of Fame
Historical figures
Politicians
Academic figures
Scientists
Psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists
Social and political scientists
- Samuel Bergman, philosopher [9]
- Paul Edwards, philosopher [17]
- Heinrich Friedjung, Moravian historian and politician. ([18]; Encyclopaedia Judaica, article "Historians", list of "Prominent Jewish General Historians".)
- Norbert Jokl, founder of Albanology[10]
- Otto Kurz, historian (Jewish Year Book 1975 p214)
- Emil Lederer, economist [11]
- Ludwig von Mises, economist
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher [12][13] (born and raised Catholic)
Cultural figures
Film and stage
Musicians
- Ignaz Brüll, composer and pianist [16]
- Joseph Joachim, violinist (born in Kittsee, Austria, at that time Hungary)[19]
- Hans Keller, musicologist [17]
- Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962) violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day[18]
- Erica Morini, violinist [20]
- Erwin Schulhoff (1894–1942) composer and pianist[19]
- Julius Schulhoff (1825–1898) pianist and composer [20]
- Rudolf Schwarz, conductor [21]
- Walter Susskind (1913–1980) conductor[22]
- Richard Tauber, singer and composer[23]
- Egon Wellesz, composer [21]
Composers
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold, composer (born in Bohemia) [24]
- Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962) violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day[18]
- Gustav Mahler, Bohemian-born composer, conductor and pianist [25]
- Arnold Schoenberg (1871–1954), composer (born in Vienna). Founder of Second Viennese School, music theorist.
Writers
- Peter Altenberg, born in 1859 in Vienna.
- Raphael Basch (1813-?), journalist & politician [26]
- Abraham Benisch (1814–1878) Hebraist and journalist; born Bohemia[27]
- Henri Blowitz, journalist [28]
- Boris Brainin (Sepp Österreicher), poet and translator [29]
- Fritz Brainin, poet [30]
- Paul Kornfeld (1889–1942) writer, author of many expressionist plays[31]
- Karl Kraus, author[32]
- Heinrich Landesmann, poet [22]
- Felix Salten, Hungarian-born Austrian writer[33][34][35][36]
- Hugo Sonnenschein, Bohemian-born writer [23]
- Stefan Zweig, writer
Miscellaneous
Others
- Viktor Aptowitzer (July 16, 1871, Tarnopol, Galizien, - December 5, 1942, Jerusalem), Jewish theologian, Talmudist;[25] "two Austrian Jewish scholars - Samuel Krauss and Viktor Aptowitzer"
- Rudolf Auspitz (July 7, 1837, Vienna - March 8, 1906, Vienna), Austrian politician, entrepreneur (Unternehmer) [26]
- Joseph Samuel Bloch (November 20, 1850, Dukla, Galizien - October 1, 1923, Vienna), Austrian publicist, politician [27]
- Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian Jewish historian and statesman [28] " two lay Jews Ludo Moritz Hartmann"
- Paul Hatvani, exactly Paul Hirsch (August 16, 1892, Vienna - November 9, 1975, Kew, near Melbourne), Austrian Jewish writer, chemist [29] "Paul Hatvani, a German Jewish refugee"
- ^ The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heros: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and the 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars. http://books.google.com/books?id=Xcfef_d2es4C&pg=PA184&dq=%22Margarete+Adler%22+jewish&hl=en&ei=VgsPTZSEJMWAlAey9pyNDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- ^ "Diving into troubled waters", Paul Kalina, The Age, November 24, 2005, Retrieved January 1, 2011
- ^ [1] Accessed 8 Feb 2007.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
- ^ [2] "Growing up in Vienna in a well-to-do Jewish family..." [3] "One of the most brilliant Jewish scientists to be driven from Germany by Nazi persecution..."
- ^ [Gresser, Moshe. Dual Allegiance: Freud As a Modern Jew. SUNY Press, 1994, p. 225]
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Vienna of Jewish parentage"
- ^ Gay, Miriam. "Reich, Wilhelm." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 17. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-199. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Thomson Gale.
- ^ Jewish Agency for Israel; The Hugo Bergmann family Papers; both accessed 11 March 2007
- ^ Biography of Ernest Koliqi, Shkoder.net Authors from Shkodra: "Norbert Jokl (1877-1942), the renowned Austrian Albanologist of Jewish origin" Accessed 8 Dec 2006.
- ^ JInfo list of economists accessed 17 May 2007
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, April 27, 2001 p.34: "he believed that, as a Jew, he was capable of only derivative thought."
- ^ Evening Standard (London), 24/5/2004, p15: "Born less than a week apart, Adolf Hitler and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein attended the institution together. There is a haunting school photograph of the young, complex, Jewish philosopher just one row away from the most evil tyrant of the 20th century."
- ^ Bing - [4] Rudolf Bing... had been born a Jew in Vienna"
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0592651/
- ^ Jewish: "Contemporary Review, June, 1999 by Anthony Paterson" [5] "the Nazi ban on his compositions - he was Jewish" Accessed 6 Nov 2006.
born Moravia: "Composers of Classical Music" [6] "Brull, Ignaz 1846-1907 Moravia, Prossnitz - Austria, Vienna" Accessed 6 November 2006.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "he described himself as an 'unpious Jew'"
- ^ a b Kreisler - [7] "Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, Mischa Elman... were all Jews, too"
- ^ School of Oriental and African Studies, Newsletter of the Jewish Music Institute "Erwin Schulhoff, a Czech Jew executed by the Nazis..." Accessed 8 Dec 2006.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 2nd ed., art. "Schulhoff, Julius": "Born in Prague"
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, February 16, 2007, p.14: "he carried on as the sole Jewidh conductor of the Kulturbund"
- ^ Bach cantatas site "The distinguished Czech-born English conductor" Lake Placid Film Forum "Walter Susskind, a German Jew" Both accessed 4 Jan 2007
- ^ "The Penguin Dictionary of Musical Performers", Arthur Jacobs, ISBN 0-14-051160-1, "Under threat as a Jew from Nazi persecution, settled in Britain, 1938."
- ^ Korngold Society: "he got thrown out of Vienna because he was Jewish" Jessica Duchen, author of E. Korngold's biography; Korngold Society: "BRNO, where the composer was born"; accessed 6 Feb 2007.
- ^ ["Gustav Mahler Dies in Vienna". The New York Times. 18 May 1911. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/arts/105027769.pdf. Retrieved 1 July 2011. PDF format]
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, "born at Prague"; accessed 3 Dec 2006.
- ^ British Concise Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., art. "Blowitz, Henri
- ^ Boris Brainin
- ^ Fritz Brainin
- ^ [8] "German-Jewish writers: Paul Kornfeld"
- ^ The Literary Encyclopedia: "Karl Kraus was born in Jicin (or Gitschin), Czechoslovakia (then a part of Austria-Hungary) into a Jewish family." Accessed 8 Feb 2007.
- ^ [9] "Hungarian writer Felix Salten" [10] "Hungarian/Austrian Jewish writer Felix Salten"
- ^ [11] "Everyone knows Walt Disney's Bambi. Far fewer know that the author of the original book was the Austrian writer, Felix Salten."
- ^ [12] "..Austrian novelist and journalist..."
- ^ Odds & Ends, June 1998
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents at Vienna"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria ... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters ... He was a citizen of Austria-Hungary at his death."
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia "born June 10, 1759, at Prostiebor, near Kladrau, in the district of Pilsen, Bohemia" accessed 8 Feb 2007
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
See also